Codon

JULY 28, 2025

Some diseases are caused by mutations in large genes that exceed the packaging limits of existing vectors like adeno-associated virus (AAV). Although the therapy did coax cells to make functional CFTR proteins, patients showed only modest clinical improvements.

Immune Response

Codon

MARCH 24, 2024

In the case of semaglutide, those cells are Saccharomyces cerevisiae— also known as Baker’s yeast — engineered to secrete a peptide precursor that is later purified, chemically modified, packaged into an injectable or tablet form, and then shipped around the world. Continuing this method may not scale.

Vaccine

Codon

MAY 30, 2023

The wild-type IscB protein only has 500 amino acids. This means that IscB base editors might be easier to package inside of AAVs, which can only store 4,700 bases of DNA for gene therapies. 3/ Cell Membrane Editor A cell is a lipid shell with lots of DNA, proteins, and RNA molecules inside. This paper is a big deal!

DNA

Codon

MAY 30, 2023

The wild-type IscB protein only has 500 amino acids. This means that IscB base editors might be easier to package inside of AAVs, which can only store 4,700 bases of DNA for gene therapies. 3/ Cell Membrane Editor A cell is a lipid shell with lots of DNA, proteins, and RNA molecules inside. This paper is a big deal!

DNA