Codon

JUNE 25, 2024

However, they plod along as they clone plasmids—the loops of DNA that biologists use to manipulate and study organisms—because propagating them relies, in part, on the pace at which cells grow and divide. Most medicines, including insulin and semaglutide (the weight loss drug), are made using DNA cloning. However, E.

DNA 91

DNA RNA Laboratories Research 91

Drug Target Review

JANUARY 15, 2024

Each T cell expresses a TCR specific for an HLA‑presented peptide signal, and when that signal is detected a T cell expressing the relevant TCR can launch a complex array of immune effector responses that can suppress or destroy tumours or virus-infected cells. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 10:e004281 (2022).

Engineering 110

Engineering DNA Virus Medical Schools 110

Drug Target Review

SEPTEMBER 4, 2023

Infectious agent includes bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites, and they are capable of causing disease in a living organism. I had earlier proposed the use of Palmatine and Silver Nitrate in the efficacy against the RNA structure of the COVID-19 virus. We discovered it is highly effective and environmentally friendly. Ololade, A.

Drugs 111

Drugs RNA DNA Disease 111

PLOS: DNA Science

JUNE 13, 2024

The virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, home of a premiere research institute that focuses on viruses. Experiments at the Wuhan facility were done at the lowest two of the four standard biosafety levels, which were established at the dawn of recombinant DNA research in the 1970s. An altered virus could have escaped. Coincidence?

Virus 52

Virus RNA DNA Science 52

Broad Institute

AUGUST 11, 2022

Scientists discover new antiviral defense system in bacteria By Leah Eisenstadt August 11, 2022 Breadcrumb Home News Scientists discover new antiviral defense system in bacteria Prokaryotes can detect hallmark viral proteins and trigger cell death through a process seen across all domains of life. The finding was striking and unprecedented.

DNA 52

DNA Virus Immune Response Bioinformatics 52

Codon

MARCH 20, 2023

Digital nanoreactors to control absolute stoichiometry and spatiotemporal behavior of DNA receptors within lipid bilayers. CRISPR-induced DNA reorganization for multiplexed nucleic acid detection. Combining fusion of cells with CRISPR-Cas9 editing for the cloning of large DNA fragments or complete bacterial genomes in yeast.

Virus 52

Virus RNA Engineering Small Molecule 52

Codon

APRIL 23, 2023

Most people would take the two CRISPR gene-editing components (a Cas9 protein and guide RNA), package them up inside of a virus, and then inject the viruses into the skulls of mice. 📎 Papers Strands of DNA can be used to build molecular logic gates. If you want to edit a gene inside of a neuron, what do you do? From Stahl E.C.

Vaccine 52

Vaccine DNA Virus Engineering 52

Codon

APRIL 23, 2023

Most people would take the two CRISPR gene-editing components (a Cas9 protein and guide RNA), package them up inside of a virus, and then inject the viruses into the skulls of mice. 📎 Papers Strands of DNA can be used to build molecular logic gates. If you want to edit a gene inside of a neuron, what do you do? From Stahl E.C.

Vaccine 52

Vaccine DNA Virus Engineering 52

Codon

APRIL 2, 2023

But now, by studying DNA extracted from microbes in the blood of almost 10,000 healthy people, this paper shows that there is no such thing. Read Transcription factors bind to DNA and control gene expression. Read Switchable hydrophobic pockets in DNA protocells enhance chemical conversion. Nature Microbiology. Meeussen J.V.W.

DNA 52

DNA RNA Engineering Licensing 52

PLOS: DNA Science

OCTOBER 12, 2023

million DNA bases. The DMD gene therapy delivers a shortened version of the dystrophin gene, just 4,558 DNA bases. First, adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivers the genes, rather than the adenovirus (AV) that had entered cells in Jesse’s liver that weren’t the targets. Two other design strategies add precision.

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Therapies Immune Response DNA Virus 69

Codon

JUNE 26, 2023

DNA sequences are designed on a computer, and it takes a dozen or more clicks to change a single nucleotide. DNA sequences are also checked by hand, so it’s easy to make a mistake. The tool outputs a DNA sequence that encodes all the required enzymes. A phage is a virus that infects bacteria.

DNA 52

DNA Therapies Engineering Clinical Trials 52

Codon

JUNE 26, 2023

DNA sequences are designed on a computer, and it takes a dozen or more clicks to change a single nucleotide. DNA sequences are also checked by hand, so it’s easy to make a mistake. The tool outputs a DNA sequence that encodes all the required enzymes. A phage is a virus that infects bacteria.

DNA 52

DNA Therapies Engineering Clinical Trials 52

Codon

JULY 27, 2023

They’ve just finished sequencing the patient’s genome, but they don’t have “DNA sorting” software. billion units of DNA code are transcribed into more than a hundred volumes, each a thousand pages long, in type so small as to be barely legible.” At least, that’s what every textbook says.

Therapies 52

Therapies RNA DNA Engineering 52

Codon

JULY 27, 2023

They’ve just finished sequencing the patient’s genome, but they don’t have “DNA sorting” software. billion units of DNA code are transcribed into more than a hundred volumes, each a thousand pages long, in type so small as to be barely legible.” At least, that’s what every textbook says.

Therapies 52

Therapies RNA DNA Engineering 52

Broad Institute

MARCH 22, 2024

Staying power The mRNA in today’s COVID vaccines is so effective because very little is needed – once injected into the body, it stimulates the production of proteins that resemble parts of the COVID virus. They named those modified molecules “mRNA-oligo conjugates” or mocRNAs.

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Engineering Protein Production RNA Vaccine 140

Codon

SEPTEMBER 29, 2024

The first model of life emerged sometime in 2022 or 2023. There was scFormer in 2022, scGPT in 2023, and plenty of others. Reliance on mRNA had plenty of failure modes , but it was the most abundant source of cell-state data the scientific community had: DNA alone was static, and proteins were too hard to quantify en masse.

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Engineering Virus DNA Therapies 144

PLOS: DNA Science

SEPTEMBER 7, 2023

ChatGPT was released November 30, 2022, from OpenAI/Microsoft. As genetics morphed into genomics, artificial intelligence stepped in, layering the combinatorial information of comparative genomics onto DNA sequences. AI may quickly assemble a table listing DNA replication enzymes or compile technology timelines.

DNA 98

DNA Science Therapies Licensing 98

Codon

MARCH 12, 2023

“The recombinant DNA breakthrough has provided us with a new and powerful approach to the questions that have intrigued and plagued man for centuries. The central dogma is often depicted as DNA→RNA→protein, but it’s much more: A biophysical marvel inside the smallest of vessels. Biology is a Burrito.

DNA 52

DNA Engineering Therapies RNA 52

PLOS: DNA Science

JULY 27, 2023

Genomics applies to all species, revealing evolution in action, because we all use the same genetic code – that is, the correspondence between DNA sequences and the amino acid sequences of proteins. Cats and Bird Flu Comparing DNA sequences is a little like linguistic research that connects languages. emerged in late 2021.

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Disease DNA Virus RNA 92

PLOS: DNA Science

MARCH 30, 2023

Comparing genome sequences is important because they provide a 4-letter language in the bases A, C, G, and T (for DNA) or A, C, G, and U (for RNA). In 2022, CDC reported 2,377 cases from patients and another 5,754 from their contacts, mostly from California, Nevada, Texas, New York, Florida, and Illinois. It’s an old technique.

DNA 52

DNA Hospitals Laboratories Virus 52

The Pharma Data

MARCH 22, 2022

Pfizer expects supply to be available to support orders in April 2022, and supply will continue throughout 2022, pending regulatory authorization or approval and according to country needs. In preclinical studies, nirmatrelvir did not demonstrate evidence of mutagenic DNA interactions.

Treatment 52

Treatment Virus Hospitals Therapies 52

Codon

AUGUST 26, 2024

When COVID-19 emerged in 2019, by contrast, mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer and Moderna took just 326 days from the initial sequencing of the virus to gaining approval for emergency use. These drugs would be ideal tools to bridge the wait for a vaccine against a quickly-spreading virus.

RNA 109

RNA Virus DNA Vaccine 109

Codon

DECEMBER 12, 2024

Some scientists even think it had a virus defense system; “researchers say LUCA likely housed 19 CRISPR genes, which bacteria use to slice up viral threats,” reports Quanta Magazine. DNA and RNA molecules are also built from exclusively right-handed nucleic acids.

RNA 105

RNA DNA Vaccine Virus 105

Codon

OCTOBER 6, 2024

rising (rates of preterm birth have risen by 12 percent from 2014 to 2022 , a trend seen in many other countries) and poor prognoses expected for those born before 24 weeks, several research groups are attempting to hasten progress on artificial wombs. With the number of significantly premature infants born in the U.S.

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FDA Hospitals Engineering Research 125

Codon

APRIL 16, 2023

Short DNA strands were discovered that can specifically and tightly bind to zinc and cadmium ions. Perhaps there is now a way to use DNA to extract metals: You could fuse the DNA strands to an antibody, coat them onto electronics, and then use a column to isolate the DNA:metal compounds? coli DNA using a Retro-Cascorder.

Engineering 52

Engineering DNA RNA Science 52

Codon

MAY 11, 2023

It is used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, which causes about 60,000 hospitalizations in this age group each year. This paper was submitted to the journal more than a year ago, in April 2022. link ) A more representative human genome sequence, based on DNA from 47 ethnically diverse people, was published yesterday.

Vaccine 52

Vaccine Engineering Licensing Licensing 52

Codon

MAY 11, 2023

It is used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, which causes about 60,000 hospitalizations in this age group each year. This paper was submitted to the journal more than a year ago, in April 2022. link ) A more representative human genome sequence, based on DNA from 47 ethnically diverse people, was published yesterday.

Vaccine 52

Vaccine Engineering Licensing Licensing 52

Codon

MAY 29, 2025

Nirvana cabal insulin was first discovered in 2015 and, in 2022 , was modified into a drug called mini-Ins, a fast-acting, minimal human insulin analog being pursued to treat diabetes. This is the step after the initial transcription of DNA into mRNA by RNA Polymerase II, the protein to which alpha amanitin binds. billion by 2031.

Drugs 105

Drugs DNA RNA Laboratories 105

Codon

MARCH 3, 2024

Link Air monitor detects airborne virus particles in real time. Link DNA Assembly Bottlenecks DNA synthesis has received a great deal of attention, and for good reason. But in 2021, a company reported the first synthesis of a single strand of DNA that stretched more than 10,000 bases in length.

DNA 103

DNA Engineering Vaccine Virus 103

Codon

MAY 19, 2025

By the time health officials confirmed Ebola, which has an average R₀ of 1.95 , as the culprit, the virus had already spilled into neighboring countries. Rapid antigen tests detect viral surface proteins — physical fragments of the virus, like the spike or nucleocapsid proteins — using antibodies embedded in a test strip.

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Virus RNA Laboratories Hospitals 72

PLOS: DNA Science

MARCH 6, 2025

This DNA Science post explains the H and N nomenclature for flu viruses.) But inadequate testing and shipping infected cows across state lines quickly spread the virus beyond Texas. And five of my turkey friends on Martha’s Vineyard have succumbed to the virus. Soon, veterinary researchers identified H5N1 as the culprit.

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Vaccine Virus FDA DNA 102

Codon

FEBRUARY 9, 2025

Andrew Payne, a biotechnologist who previously worked in Ed Boyden’s lab at MIT studying neural circuit mapping, launched E11 Bio in 2022. Metagenomics, for example, allows scientists to build extensive reference libraries of DNA for use in everything from the creation of vital medicines to CRISPR tools.

Research 114

Research Disease Engineering Regulations 114

Codon

APRIL 4, 2025

People who had been infected with the virus were easily recognizable, for they carried scars where inflamed pustules had once blistered. ” Smallpox sufferers spread the virus to between three and six other people on average. He also didn’t pass the virus on to the other children with whom he shared a bed.

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Immune Response Vaccine Virus Disease 92

PLOS: DNA Science

JULY 25, 2024

A virus that directly attacks the immune response presents a special challenge. Dr. Fauci explains the nomenclature of the virus – combinations of 18 hemagglutinin (H) and 11 neuraminidase (N) proteins that comprise the surface – and the chain of infection from birds to mammals. Ebola virus fever is horrific.

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Virus Science Vaccine Government 96

Codon

FEBRUARY 23, 2025

Because of PEPFAR’s effectiveness, the United Nations (UN) set an ambitious goal in 2022 to end HIV transmission and eliminate AIDS-related deaths by 2030. Researcher Jerome Horwitz at the Michigan Cancer Foundation developed it as a potential cancer treatment by chemically-modifying thymine, a DNA building block.

Clinical Trials 77

Clinical Trials Virus Vaccine DNA 77

Drug & Device Law

DECEMBER 19, 2022

2022 WL 16729466 (11th Cir. 7, 2022) (thankfully unpublished), is such a decision. 2022 WL 16729466, at *3. 2022 WL 16729466, at *3. We disagree with plenty of courts on plenty of things, but most of the time it’s at least arguably just a conflict with one of our pro-defense views. Blackburn v. b)(2)(v)(A).

FDA 59

FDA Regulations Production Drugs 59

Drug & Device Law

APRIL 12, 2022

We can’t say that the Lone Pine order recently entered in the Zostavax MDL, In re Zostavax (Zoster Vaccine Live) Products Liability Litigation , 2022 WL 952179 (E.D. The product under assault in that litigation is a vaccine to prevent shingles – a disease caused by the same virus that also causes chicken pox. 2022 WL 952179, at *2. “It

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Virus Vaccine DNA Laboratories 72